In the warning which precedes the first book by the
social Contract,
Rousseau presents its treaty as an extract of a work more significant
than it had undertaken to write a long time before. In 1751, Rousseau
indeed undertakes to write the
political Institutions, but it stops its
work to be devoted to the composition of the Héloise news. The
political Institutions were to include/understand two moments, the
treating first of the principles of the political right and the second
of the relations between the people. Rousseau preserves the first and
thus in 1762 pennies the title of social Contract publishes it, on the
other hand it destroys the second who, fault of being completed, does
not appear worthy to him to be introduced. For including/understanding
the social Contract well, it is necessary to remember that Rousseau
observes and condemns, to traveers its two speeches (in 1750 and 1754),
the corruption of the companies established compared to the original
state of humanity such as it makes an effort hypothetically or
intellectually to represent it. However it is well starting from this
reports critical which the first book of the Contract begins: "the man
was born free, and everywhere it is in irons". In other words, is at
the same time announced and denounced, in a concise and peremptory way,
an irreducible difference between the natural condition of the man
(freedom) and his effective condition (constraint). With through such a
report, whose significance and range will have to be precisely
questioned, Rousseau still states the reason for its company or if one
wants the intention which animates all the drafting of the social
Contract: - On the one hand, it will endeavour to know what justifies
this historical passage of freedom to the constraint. For as much, its
step is of nothing historiene; quite to the contrary, it is presented
explicitly as being philosophical, on a side, by seeking the bases of
the political authority (ontological point of view) such as they could
make it possible to establish a capacity likely to support the control
even of the man, and another side while wondering about the legitimacy
of this political authority (ethical point of view). - in addition,
Rousseau will try to build a model juridico-policy which would make at
the same time possible and legitimates the institution and the exercise
of a legal authority, which one will wonder at the same time about the
statute, on the significance and the range.
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